Book Review on Poor Economics Free Essays

BOOK REVIEW POOR ECONOMICS: A RADICAL RETHINKING OF THE WAY TO FIGHT GLOBAL POVERTY By: Abhijit V Banerjee Esther Duflo POOR ECONOMICS contends that such a large amount of hostile to neediness strategy has flopped throughout the years in light of an insufficient comprehension of destitution. The fight against neediness can be won, however it will take persistence, cautious reasoning and an eagerness to gain from proof. Banerjee and Duflo are down to earth visionaries whose fastidious workoffers transformative potential for needy individuals anyplace, and is a fundamental manual for strategy producers, givers, activists and any other person who thinks about structure a world without destitution. We will compose a custom exposition test on Book Review on Poor Economics or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now Part 1: THINK AGAIN, AGAIN Poverty and advancement can in some cases want to overpower issues †the scale is overwhelming, the issues great. Belief system drives a ton of arrangements, and even the most good natured thoughts can get stalled by numbness of ground-level real factors and dormancy at the degree of the implementer. Actually, we call these the â€Å"three I’s† †belief system, obliviousness, inactivity †the three primary reasons approaches may not work and help isn't generally successful. Be that as it may, there’s no motivation to lose trust. Steady, genuine change can be made. Once in a while the change appears to be little, however by distinguishing genuine examples of overcoming adversity, looking up to certifiable disappointments, and understanding why the poor settle on the decisions they make, we can locate the correct switches to push to free the poor of the shrouded traps that keep them behind. Part 2: A BILLION HUNGRY PEOPLE? Jeffrey Sachs, a consultant to the United Nations and executive of Columbia University’s Earth Institute, is one such master. In books and endless addresses and TV appearances, he has contended that poor nations are poor since they are hot, barren, intestinal sickness swarmed, and regularly landlocked; these elements, be that as it may, make it difficult for them to be gainful without an underlying huge venture to assist them with managing such endemic issues. Be that as it may, they can't pay for the ventures accurately on the grounds that they are poor †they are in what financial specialists call a â€Å"poverty trap. † Until something is done about these issues, neither free markets nor majority rules system will do especially for them. The fundamental thought of a sustenance based neediness trap is that there exists a basic degree of nourishment, above or underneath which dynamic powers push individuals either further down into destitution and hunger or further up into better-paying employments and more unhealthy eating regimens. These righteous or horrible cycles can likewise last over ages: youth under-sustenance can have long haul impacts on grown-up progress. Maternal wellbeing impacts inâ uteroâ development. What's more, it’s not only amount of food †quality checks, as well. Micronutrients like iodine and iron can impactsly affect wellbeing and monetary results. In any case, if nourishment is so significant, why don’t individuals spend each accessible additional penny on more calories? From the appearance of our eighteen-nation dataset, individuals spent their cash on food†¦ and celebrations, memorial services, weddings, TVs, DVD players, health related crises, liquor, tobacco and, well, better-tasting food. Part 3: Low-Hanging Fruit for Better (Global) Health? Consistently, 9,000,000 kids under five kick the bucket from preventable illnesses, for example, the runs and jungle fever. Regularly, the medicines for these sicknesses are modest, safe, and promptly accessible. So why don’t individuals pick these ‘low-hanging fruit’? Why don’t moms immunize their kids? Why don’t families use bednets, or purchase chlorinated water? What's more, for what reason do they spend such a lot of cash on incapable fix? There are various potential clarifications. These can incorporate problematic wellbeing administration conveyance, value affectability, an absence of data or trust, time-conflicting conduct and the straightforward actuality that the poor will be unable to handle enormous, incessant ailments. None of these reasons clarifies everything in segregation. Be that as it may, understanding what stops the prompt spread of our ‘low-hanging fruit’ †bednets, de-worming prescription, antibodies, chlorinated water †is a significant advance in improving worldwide wellbeing, and may at last assistance to dispense with wellbeing based neediness traps. Section 4: TOP OF THE CLASS Over the previous scarcely any decades, youngsters have rushed into the schools, yet schools appear to have conveyed next to no: educators and understudies are regularly missing, and learning levels are extremely low. For what reason is this occurrence? Is it a flexibly issue, where the administration needs to furnish kids with better schools, better reading material, better instructors and better offices? Or on the other hand is it request, where guardians would campaign for quality training if and just if there were genuine advantages? There is by all accounts an issue with both. For instance, guardians expect both to an extreme and excessively little from the schools: government employments for the individuals who move on from optional school, and nothing for the rest. Instructors appear to be centered around showing little first class, and underestimate the customary understudies. These desires influence conduct and create certifiable waste. In any case, fortunately these desires and these true results can be changed CHAPTER 5: Pak Sudarno’s Big Family Most approach creators believe populace strategy to be a focal piece of any improvement program. But then, out of the blue, it appears that entrance to contraception may not be the deciding element in the poor’s fruitfulness choices. So in what manner can strategy producers impact populace? Rather than contraception, different viewpoints like normal practices, relational intricacies, or more all, financial contemplations, appear to assume a key job, not just in what number of kids individuals decide to have, however how they will treat them. Victimization ladies and young ladies stay a focal actuality of the life for some poor families. Going inside the â€Å"black box† of familial dynamic †that is, seeing how and why choices are made the manner in which they are †is fundamental to foreseeing the genuine effect of any social approach planned for impacting populace. Part 6: BAREFOOT HEDGEFUND MANAGERS The poor face a colossal measure of hazard †a companion of our own from the universe of high account once noticed that they’re like fence investments chiefs. These dangers can emerge out of wellbeing stuns †like a mishap †or agrarian stuns †like a dry spell †or some other number of startling emergencies. Frequently, the poor just don’t have the way to climate these stuns, thus they get drove into neediness traps. The means they take to ensure themselves structure these dangers are inadequate and regularly exorbitant: they pick less gainful and less hazardous harvest, they spread themselves excessively far over an incredible number of exercises; they trade favors with neighbors. However this doesn’t in every case even spread enormous stuns. Part 7: MICROFINANCE The way that banks are regularly reluctant to loan to poor people, combined with the amazingly high financing costs moneylenders charge, was a source of inspiration for the organizers of microfinance. Upholding credit contracts includes gathering broad data about the borrower to guarantee reimbursement. The significant expense of social occasion this data makes neighborhood moneylenders the most effortless wellspring of credit. Microfinance foundations depend on their capacity to keep a nearby beware of the client, to some degree by including different borrowers who happen to know the client: This was a formula for gigantic achievement, there are in excess of 200 million microfinance borrowers today. Numerous MFIs were reluctant to assess whether their loaning programs were helping poor people. The MFIs were monetarily feasible and borrowers continued returning, which the MFIs saw as confirmation enough. At the point when an Indian MFI, Spandana, was thoroughly assessed, there was clear proof that microfinance was working. Individuals in Spandana neighborhoods were bound to have begun a business and made enormous buys. In any case, there were no distinguishable effects on women’s strengthening, spending on instruction or wellbeing, or in the likelihood that children would be taken a crack at tuition based schools. One of the constraints of microfinance is its rigid structure and spotlight on â€Å"zero default. It may not be a powerful acquiring channel for business people who are happy to face challenges and will proceed to set up an enormous business. Progressively settled organizations don't discover it that a lot simpler to get credit. Specifically, they risk being unreasonably enormous for the customary moneylenders and microfinance organizations, however unrea sonably little for the banks. We have to see what could be compared to the microfinance upheaval for little and medium firms; made sense of how to do it gainfully for a huge scope is the following enormous test for account in creating nations. Section 8: SAVING BRICK BY BRICK Similarly likewise with loaning, banks have not discovered a decent method to adjust their administrations to poor people. The managerial expenses related with overseeing little records are excessively high. Rather, the poor find abnormal and shrewd approaches to spare. They purchasing sturdy merchandise like gems or new blocks for their home. Many structure investment funds â€Å"clubs†, for example, the mainstream turning reserve funds and credit affiliations (ROSCAs) in Africa. In any case, the way that the poor need to receive confused and expensive elective techniques to spare implies that sparing is harder than if they had a financial balance: access to a sparing records builds benefits and utilization. With new innovation and advancements like M-PESA in Kenya which permits mobile phone clients to send cash with their telephone, microsavings may turn into the following microfinance upset. In any case, not all boundaries to reserve funds are remotely forced. Poor people, similar to any other person, effectively surrender to the compulsion to go through cash in the present instead of spare

A historical and critical analysis of an entrepreneurial venture (Gap Essay

An authentic and basic examination of a pioneering adventure (Gap Inc.) - Essay Example He accepted that he could do the business his own particular manner making a special passage into a market overflowed with easygoing wear stores. 1.2 The Entrepreneur Gap Inc. is an association whose brainchild id Don Fisher and his Doris. The business began as a little privately-run company in San Francisco where he lived with his family. Wear originated from a working class family, which had settled in a two-story house in San Francisco. Wear had incredible vision from beginning periods throughout everyday life. He could review incredible developments in United States, for example, Golden Gate Bridge, which started his life to make a distinction in a lifetime. His own life remembers investing energy for the sea shore as a method of making the most of his end of the week. Wear went to UC Berkeley University where he contemplated business organization degree (Don, 2009:12). Wear reviews that his business thoughts originated from his initial days in the University where his, which he bear witness to didn't cut over his psyche. Wear filled in as US Naval save and took an interest in settling on choices for his dad in conferences. He wedded Doris who adjusted his life to turn into an eminent business person a cross the globe. 1.3 Opportunity for the endeavor Don had the possibility that business couldn't simply take care of his tabs yet would likewise energize him. He set aside some effort to accomplish this desire. Wear affirms that without terrible need Gap Inc. would not be ever. Wear who had been doing business with his dad, stretched out to start his own business in mid 1960s. Wear utilized the main open door that came his direction when he purchased Capitol Park lodging. He renovated the structure and rented a portion of its space to Levi’s salesman. Levi’s sales rep accepted the open door to open a showroom inside the structure. Wear referenced that he delighted in the field made by the showroom in the structure. Open door for the undertaking came when Don couldn't locate the correct gasp size. He had purchased pants that couldn't coordinate their needs. Wear reviewed that Doris and him strolled through the roads of San Francisco and neglected to get the correct sizes. At that point the thought came imagine a scenario where somebody supplied all sizes. 1.4. The inspiration to establish the endeavor Don inspiration was Levi’s showroom in his capital park inn fabricating that he had purchased. Wear and Doris calculated the circumstance around the city and felt that it was a smart thought to make their own retail location that would provide food for age 12 to 25. The desire to change the fundamental circumstance roused their concept of business. Wear had expressed that he had little thought regarding retail business however that couldn't let his perspectives breakdown in one drop. Wear noticed that he didn't have a comparable rival in San Francisco straight that had comparative items. Business characters are quick to assess factors that would cause their business to flourish. 1.5. Misuse of the endeavor and securing of asset Don thought of the name of his new pursuit and settled to name Pants and Disks. His significant other Doris changed the name by giving the business opportunity the name Gap. Wear directed a statistical surveying before a composing a field-tested strategy about the planned store. He noted in his statistical surveying that the area of the Capital Park building would address the requirements of clients age 12 to 25. The area had sufficient stopping. He delineated that his prosperity would rely upon right representatives and satisfactory stock. He was unable to stand to disregard the impact of stock or capital for the business. Hole creation was to abuse the current assets that Don gained. Asset obtaining and

The Basic Methods of Therapy

The Basic Methods of Therapy Psychotherapy Print The Basic Methods of Different Therapy Types By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on September 29, 2019  istockphoto More in Psychotherapy Online Therapy The popular conception of therapy is that of the classic talk therapy; a client, a couch and a psychologist with a notepad and pencil in hand. While some approaches do utilize this method, there are numerous types of therapy that can be used to help a client overcome problems. In all cases, the goal of therapy is to provide a nonjudgmental environment that allows the client and therapy provider to work together towards a mutually agreed upon set of goals. The following are just a few of the many different types of therapy available. Psychoanalytic Therapy Psychoanalytic therapy is one of the most well-known treatment modalities, but it is also one of the most misunderstood by mental health consumers. Founded by Sigmund Freud, psychoanalytic therapists generally spend time listening to patients talk about their lives, which is why this method is often referred to as talk therapy. The therapy provider will look for patterns or significant events that may play a role in the client’s current difficulties. Psychoanalysts believe that childhood events and unconscious feelings, thoughts and motivations play a role in mental illness and maladaptive behaviors. While this type of therapy has many critics who claim that psychoanalytic therapy is too time-consuming, expensive and generally ineffective, this treatment has several benefits as well. The therapist offers an empathetic and nonjudgmental environment where the client can feel safe in revealing feelings or actions that have led to stress or tension in his or her life. Oftentimes, simply sharing these burdens with another person can have a beneficial influence. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Cognitive-behavioral therapists tend to focus on specific problems. These therapists believe that irrational thinking or faulty perceptions cause dysfunctions. A cognitive therapist may work with a client to change thought patterns. This type of therapy is often effective for clients suffering from depression or anxiety. Behavioral therapists work to change problematic behaviors that have been trained through years of reinforcement. A good example of behavioral therapy would be a therapist working with a client to overcome a fear of heights. The therapist would encourage the client to gradually face their fear of heights through experience. The client might first imagine standing on the roof of a tall building or riding an escalator. Next, the client would slowly expose themselves to greater and greater levels of their fear until the phobia diminishes or disappears entirely. Cognitive and behavioral approaches can be highly effective when treating specific problems. Oftentimes, cognitive and behavioral approaches are combined when treating a disorder. A therapist treating a client with social anxiety may help the client form more accurate thinking patterns as well as focusing on specific behaviors, such as social avoidance. Group Therapy Group therapy is a form of psychotherapy where two or more clients work with one or more therapists or counselors. This method  is a popular format for support groups, where group members can learn from the experiences of others and offer advice. This method is also more cost-effective than individual psychotherapy and can be effective for certain types of problems. It is common for those suffering from a mental illness or problem behavior to feel alone, isolated or different. Group therapy can help clients by providing a peer group of individuals that are currently experiencing the same symptoms or who have recovered from a similar problem. Group members can also provide emotional support and a safe forum to practice new behaviors. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

The Relations of the Superpowers Between 1945 and 1959 Essay

The Relations of the Superpowers Between 1945 and 1959 The conflict of World War II against the Nazi Germany brought the Allied Nations, United States of America, England and the Soviet Union together to fight side by side. During the period of 1945 and 1959 these â€Å"Superpowers† were constantly trying to undermine each other. This alliance soon took its course to break down after bitter hatred against one another with the threat of thermal Nuclear War. The friendship that these countries once had led to rivalry whereby both sides tried to out do each other by any means possible. These countries stored weapons, and at the same time they were both in the process†¦show more content†¦The Postdam agreement contained the decisions reached by the participants. The relationship between these two â€Å"Super Powers† during the war in Europe was certainly very good. These two sides fought side by side trying to defeat Nazism in Europe. President Roosevelt did not mind Stalin nor, did Stalin mind, even though they had different ways of thinking, and their political views were certainly the opposite to each other. Truman felt threatened by communism/Russia, he decided to sign the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO). This was the alliance of military reinforcement through most Western European countries. A military alliance was a treaty that was only signed by the participant that felt they were under a threatening situation such as the corrupt Nazism in Germany. The signing of NATO was great threat to Russia as the alliance of countries could easily persuade Russia to do its bidding. Russia felt as they were in a vulnerable position. In 1955 they created the Warsaw Pact. This was the response to NATO under the rule of Stalin. It included all the Eastern European countries, which prevented the Western countries having authority over military power over Russia. As communism was a law that suggested sharing, Stalin dominated the Warsaw Pact, but this ways of â€Å"dealing† with people prevented any disagreements and itShow MoreRelatedRelations between the Superpowers betwe en 1959 and the Summer of 19621056 Words   |  5 PagesRelations between the Superpowers between 1959 and the Summer of 1962 1) Describe how relations between the superpowers worsened between 1959 and the summer of 1962. The allies were divided after defeating Germany and the relationship between superpowers worsened between 1959 and 1962. These two nations became the superpowers because they had greater military and economic resources than anyone else. They had tried to embarrass, humiliate and defeat each other in everythingRead More Cold Wars Third World Countries Essay1361 Words   |  6 PagesCold Wars Third World Countries The cold war spawned many different third world rebellions and affected many small countries during its course. The cold war occurred after World War 2 between two main opposing sides: United States and the USSR. The reason for the conflict between the two world superpowers was the differential views on government and the politically correct society. The term ‘First, Second and Third world countries’ applies to their association during the Cold war era. First worldRead MoreThe Cold War and Its Effect on The History of America Essay1706 Words   |  7 Pages The Cold War was the ideological conflict between the two superpowers of the world, the democratic United States of America and the communist Soviet Union. For over fifty years the two superpowers fought each other indirectly for power and control of the world. The Cold War started after the end of the Second World War in 1945 when the eyes of both superpowers were no longer looking at Nazi Germany, but instead at each other and the fate of the rest of the world. The Cold War began after the SecondRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union1338 Words   |  6 PagesContaining Communism After the end of World War II, there had been an emergence of two world superpowers the United States and the Soviet Union who would be drawn into a Cold War that was a silent battle that raged on from 1945 to 1991. Which had started when the Soviet Union’s leader, Joseph Stalin, had started the spread of communism throughout Europe and Asia. At the time the majority of the world was either democratic or independent while only a handful of countries were communist; however allRead MoreThe Soviet And Socialist Development, Truman And His Assistants1492 Words   |  6 Pagesagainst South Vietnam and its chief partner, the United States. The war started in 1954 , after the ascent to energy of Ho Chi Minh and his socialist Viet Minh party in North Vietnam, and proceeded against the scenery of a serious Cold War between two worldwide superpowers: the United States and the Soviet Union. More than 3 million individuals (counting 58,000 Americans) were executed in the Vietnam War; th e greater part were Vietnamese regular folks. By 1969, at the pinnacle of U.S. contribution in theRead MoreThe Relationship of USA and Russia: Cubas Negative Impact Essay1952 Words   |  8 PagesThe Relationship of USA and Russia: Cubas Negative Impact The relationship between the two superpowers of USA and Russia worsened between 1959 and the summer of 1963 because of Castro’s revolution in Cuba. This increased tensions between the two superpowers, as Castro was a Marxist who had overthrown Batista who was a pro America dictator. This angered America as now they had a communist country right next to them. America did not want communism to spread outRead MoreCold By: Na Lin Introduction The Cold War Is The Relationship1014 Words   |  5 PagesCold By: Na Lin Introduction The Cold War is the relationship between the US and the USSR after WWII.Different views were clashing. Both sides struggle for dominance. They took every chance they can get to expand in the world.It was a rivalry that was open yet restricted.George Orwell was the first person to use the term â€Å"Cold War† in an article in England in 1945.The first person to used the term in the United States was by Bernard Baruch in a speech in 1947.The Cold War had solidified by 1947-1948Read More Events Influencing The Cold War Essay1075 Words   |  5 Pagesother hand, opposed colonialism and the spread of Communism. For the next couple decades until 1991, the US and USSR would be locked in an arms race known as the Cold War. After World War II the Big Three decided at the Yalta Conference in February 1945, how the framework for a post-war settlement in Europe would be settled. They decided that Berlin, like the rest of Germany, would be divided into West and East Berlin. West Berlin thrived under Allied control and eventually in 1948, Stalin want theRead MoreDescription Of The Soviet Union2951 Words   |  12 PagesCivil War 1918 - Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, according to which Russia ceded large tracts of land to Germany; Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Ukraine, Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan proclaim their independence from Russia. 1918 – 20 - Civil war between Bolsheviks, or Reds, and anti-Bolsheviks, or Whites, ravages Russia. In northern Russia, British, French and US troops capture Murmansk and Archangel until 1919, while in the Russian Far East they occupy Vladivostok, which was held by the JapaneseRead MoreThe Development of International Relations4170 Words   |  17 PagesINTRODUCTION This paper begins by outlining the definitions and what exactly is meant by international relations. Secondly, it tells the story of how and why the study of international relations emerged when it did, during the course of modern history. Even though, the history and the origins of this discipline alone does not reveal everything we need to know about how international relations functions in this day and age, it certainly would help us to understand the legacy left behind by this study’s

Ethical Issues in the Pharmaceutical Industry - 2511 Words

Running head: ETHICAL ISSUES IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY Ethical Issues in the Pharmaceutical Industry Abstract No one can deny that the pharmaceutical industry has made significant contributions to human progress. The pharmaceutical industry has been responsible for drugs that have saved millions of lives, cured many forms of cancer, and ensured that an AIDS diagnosis is no longer an automatic death sentence. Yet despite this there are questions that the public has on whether the industry has been fulfilling their social responsibility. There are many ethical questions that need to be addressed on how the pharmaceutical industry can be a better corporate citizen, and how the public can also ensure that when they go to the†¦show more content†¦203). The gift giving practices are not limited to just the primary care physicians. This practice is extended to nurses as well as medical students. Medical education is very expensive and the medical student is more vulnerable and more apt to be enticed by the gifts and generosities as well as the influence of the pharmaceutical representative. â€Å"Studies conducted by the University of Toronto conclude that more than 80% of surveyed students had received at least a book and in some cases much more† (Kerridge, Komesaroff, 2002, p. 119). Nurses as well have become a more significant target of the pharmaceutical companies. â€Å"Some cite the reason behind this as being related to the increase in nurses who have the authority to prescribe† (Crock, 2009, p. 202). Even if a nurse does not have the authority to prescribe drugs, they are still heavy influencers in the decision making process of how to best treat the patent and possibly what drug to prescribe. What makes a nurse a prime target for the pharmaceutical representative is that most nurses do not have the funds or financial support to develop their own careers. One single donation from a drug company can easily fund a seminar featuring a speaker, catered lunches or dinners, a full bar and any other sort of entertainment. This will go a long way in nurses encouraging others in their profession to attend these conferences. In what can be described as a blatant case of conflict of interest, some nursingShow MoreRelatedEthical Issues Within The Pharmace utical Industry Essay1297 Words   |  6 Pagescover ethical issues within the pharmaceutical industry, present opinion on Direct-to-Consumer marketing by drug companies, determine the parties responsible for regulation of compounding pharmacies, PharmaCARE used U.S. law to protect its own intellectual property, summarize at least one current example of intellectual property theft, analyze the potential issues surrounding the death of John’s wife, and lastly present major arguments that John can claim as a whistleblower. Ethical issues withinRead MoreEthical Issues Within The Pharmaceutical Industry Essay2287 Words   |  10 Pagescover ethical issues within the pharmaceutical industry, present opinion on Direct-to-Consumer marketing by drug companies, determine the parties responsible for regulation of compounding pharmacies, PharmaCARE used U.S. law to protect its own intellectual property, summarize at least one current example of intellectual property theft, analyze the potential issues surrounding the death of John’s wife, and lastly present major arguments that John can claim as a whistleblower. Ethical issues withinRead MoreEthics779 Words   |  4 PagesEthics in the Pharmaceutical Industry Business Law Ivy Tech Community College Tamara Baxter September 20, 2013 The pharmaceutical industry has a difficult task when it comes to doing the right thing, put people or profits first (Weber, 2006). To keep their operations operating they must approach a duties-based ethical approach because the lives of their stakeholders are literally at risk. A religious ethical standard would mean not to falsely proclaim that a drug does somethingRead MoreThe Ethical Marketing Strategy Of Pharmaceutical Advertising1451 Words   |  6 PagesWhat are some of the ethical issues associated with this marketing strategy? Pharmaceutical advertisements has been the subject of deliberation for more than a century. Pharmaceutical advertising and marketing make up a large fragment of the activities of pharmaceutical corporations. These publications can be extremely informative as long as they are analytically evaluated. However, the data enclosed in promotional material may be scant or erroneous. Assuredly, the pharmaceutical marketing activitiesRead MoreEthical Q uestion of Gift-giving in the Pharmaceutical Industry1542 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Pharmaceuticals industry, between Medical sales consultants and healthcare professionals ethical or unethical? In â€Å"Relationships Between Health Professionals and Industry: Maintaining a Delicate Balance†, published in Australian Prescriber Magazine, Professor of Medicine Paul A Komesaroff describes how to maintain an ethical relationships between health professionals and the sale consultants and argues that there are four ways to achieve this relationship: Government regulations, industry regulationsRead MorePharmaceutical Industry Legality Essay705 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿ Specify the types of country risks that pharmaceutical firms face in international business. How do the political and legal systems of countries affect the  global pharmaceutical industry? The different types of country risks for the pharmaceutical firms are: 1. Pricing: Many Asian and African countries are poor and cannot afford the costly medicines. The Pharmaceutical firms spend vast amounts on RD in creating and marketing drugs, thus charging high prices enables for costRead MoreThe Ethical Appropriateness Of Direct Consumer Advertising Of Drugs Essay1246 Words   |  5 Pagesjudgement on the ethical appropriateness of direct consumer advertising of drugs? I believe in the case where pharmaceutical companies are advertising with television commercials or paid advertisements within magazines are well within moral and good ethical standards. Consumers can choose to remain on the same television channel or read an advertisement within a magazine to become more educated about a specific pharmaceutical. However, in the case referenced in the article, where a pharmaceutical companyRead MoreMedicine, Health Care, And Philosophy Essay1220 Words   |  5 Pagesthe issues in the health care industry. However, this publication is more directed towards professionals than the public. 6. Who is the audience of this publication (in terms of the traits we discussed in class—age, gender, income level, etc.)? The audience of this publication would be graduate students, doctorates, and any physicians. They can be any gender, and a predicted income level of high 5 figure or 6 figure salary. A person without sufficient knowledge in the health care industry wouldRead MoreDrugs and Ethics Essay example1150 Words   |  5 PagesEthics and law do not always go hand in hand. Not every law is ethical, and even if a law is considered ethical on its surface, it may result in unethical outcomes. Ethics refers to well-founded standards of right and wrong that prescribe what humans ought to do, usually in terms of rights, obligations, benefits to society, fairness, or specific virtues.† The pharmaceutical industry confronts several dilemmas every year. Most of these dilemmas revolve around money or whether or not to sacrificeRead MoreEthics Of The Health Care Industry995 Words   |  4 Pages Ethics in the health care industry are one of the most important cornerstones of patient care. Making ethical decisions, being vigilant in the lack of ethical decision making, and being proactive in the reporting and advancement of ethical practices are important factors for marketing professionals such as physicians and other health care professionals to be wary of. Conduct by pharmaceutical representatives and ethical practices in the marketing of pharmaceutical drugs have been revamped over

The Relationships Between the Father and the Son Free Essays

The writer used many ways to show the relatioships between charcters in the stories we have studies one of them is Anil. in Anil the writer presents confilct in relationship between the father, Appa, and the son, Anil. Anil is very uncomfortable and scared with his father, we know this because in the story it says † his father was a burly man, a bully to his family† this explains that the relationship between the father and the son is unsual and unsafe. We will write a custom essay sample on The Relationships Between the Father and the Son or any similar topic only for you Order Now the word â€Å"Bully† is used to show negativity and the harmful relationship between Anil and Father. Through the description the relationship between the characters, presents Anil’s father, Appa, as an abusive bully in his domestic environment, but a coward in the presence of the headman. â€Å"a timid mouse to the headman† – this presents a different relationship in the story where Appa is weaker in front of the head man. but becomes abuser and dangerous man in his family specailly with his wife, we know this because in the story it says † Anil saw the bruise on her shoulder, where Appa, returning home drunk last night, had hit her†. his shows the violence relationship between the mother and the father, which totally shows no love and no respect. However, Anil’s father shows lot of love and care for Anil at the end of the story, he say â€Å"you will study hard and be an engineer, or a doctor, or a lawyer. make this father proud of you† this shows that his father is very serious about Anil’s future. he wants him to be educated a nd knolodgeable he cares about him. the word † proud† shows the postivity and a feeling of self-respect and personal worth. He want to take pride in his son’s success. The writer also used many ways to show the relationships between the characters in the stories we have studied one of them is The Compass and Torch cleverly incorporates many different aspects of family relationships into the story from the very beginning. The layout of the first three paragraphs and its content show how much the boy is in awe of the father. The second paragraph consists of four extremely short sentences, each one describing how the boy watches his father. ‘Drinking it in: the essence of Dadness’. This metaphor shows just how much the son idolises and loves his father, implying that he wants to absorb as much as possible of him, perhaps due to lack of contact in previous years. From the phrase; ‘essence of Dadness’, we are presented with a feeling that the boy probably has missed having a fatherly figure next to him, displaying their strange and alien relationship through the story. Further into the story, we realise the importance of the torch for the family, especially the boy, in emitting hope that somehow they might rebuild their broken relationship. The boy treasures the symbolic possession, stating it is for ‘lighting up the expedition of father and son’. This hopeful sentence evokes sympathy in the reader at how he is desperately trying to convince himself that all is well in their relationship. The sentence could either literally mean that he values the use of a torch, or when looking deeper, we see the boy hopes it might magically rebuild bonds with his father and guide his way. Elizabeth Baines uses character gestures to show the tense relationship felt between the boy’s mother and father. After describing the man’s uselessness in being a good father, we are told the mum has ‘a choke in her voice’ and ‘a kind of snarl’ suggesting his actions have made her emotional with anger and worry. From this description, we get the idea that their relationship did not end on a good note and she is now left to deal with the consequences of constantly worrying about her son’s safety. In addition to this, the word ‘snarl’ suggests it is almost a primal instinct leading her to dislike her sons father, and the referring her to an animal shows the raw emotion inside of her. The story uses foreshadowing within the horses on the moor to present how the father and sons relationship is destined to be broken, and is unfixable. The contrasting descriptions of the horse show how the story may turn out badly towards the end. At first, we are told the horse is ‘softly curious’; displaying the innocence of the pairs expedition and intentions. However, we are soon told that the horse ‘looks through dark, deep fringed eyes’, suggesting an almost evil malicious intention despite its innocent appearance at first. This change in character foreshadows the events to come as, despite both father and son wanting the expedition to go well, deep down they both know that their broken relationship is far beyond repair. http://www. northleamingtonschool. warwickshire. sch. uk/attachments/article/138/Miss%20F’s%20Compass%20and%20Torch%20guide. pdf themes for Anil: Themes Dreams of the future Relationships/ Family – the role of each member of the family Culture Childhood Violence Guilt Repression Fear Love Shame Superstitions: Lack of Education? Morality – what is right/wrong Treatment of women Justice themes for compass and torch: Themes: Relationships (between father son) Growing up/ Childhood Hopes/Dreams Communication themes are very important in the story because Amma, Anil and Appa are very close to each other in the main story part, where the themes begins. the main themes are love, culture, guilt, fear and most important part is justic and shame. some people think that the main part of the story is where the secret of murder coulaps and no one knows about it this shows that there is so much to tell to the reader and the writer compares to village resources i know this because in the story it says: the main highlighted things in the story like . a timid mouse to the headman† and † proud â€Å", because there is some much more in the story colaptes in the to the characters who deals with nature and sympathy quotes for example,: † burly â€Å", â€Å"bully†, compares to other people no one liked him ( Appa ), because no one could ever imagine how hard is for him to deal with his childre n to emitt another people to help his son when he was injured and ery fraustrated, because no one did believe him in other socity nationality coraposes, and edmit that there is no one to help around him to keep him healthy and successful, we know this because in the story it says, â€Å"lighting up the expedition of father and son†. this shows that there is no lighten shown up to his father towards an emotive communication deals and suspects, which shows no related emotions and consepts effort that helps him to deal with his son alone and with very corapted situations that he would see him as a â€Å"unfixable† situation. This extremely explains that there is no more evidence than this that can give an example to the audience that he would be in a horrible and motivated situation comparing to his life in hard legall house (where he live). the writer presents so much things to deal with, after the second report of his son’s controubution. However, legally no one tried to change the atmosphere so much within the legal documents and false/fake report, because he couldnt show the other documents in the future as if he was the right father to him in many ways like dealing with forgiveness, food, shelter, love, respect, and many other. None of the son’s family tried their best in persuasing him to deal with this hard situation and contraboute to other nonesense language that have been used in the text. there is many example for this reason, for example, â€Å"choke†,†snarl†, â€Å"fringed eyes†, and â€Å"bruise†. this shows that the writer used so much negative words with funny language, that the reader could not notice whats going. So the main point is that the writer confuses the reader within the text he wrote, this called â€Å"malicious intention†. he writer is so much clever in so many ways to write so much things it always communicate the themes in the story that deals with the audience cleverlness and emotions. however, no one tried to deal with so many things like love, relationships, trust, loss, emotions, arguments, honesty, sadness, rejections, fear, shame, guilt, feelings, struggles, separations, curious, proud, separations, anger, attachements. How to cite The Relationships Between the Father and the Son, Papers

Pinnacle Manufacturing free essay sample

The Cash Ratio has declined each of the past three years indicating that the Company has a decreasing ability to pay its current liabilities from cash and will be required to liquidate assets to pay off current liabilities. The Current Ratio has also declined each of the last three years. In 2009, it was 218. % or 2. 186. This means that for every dollar of current liabilities the Company had $2. 18 in current assets with which to pay those liabilities. Inventory Turnover has declined from 4. 04 times per year in 2009 to 3. 78 times per year in 2011. This would seem to indicate that sales are slowing and inventory is not being sold as quickly as in prior years. This is further supported by the increasing Days to Sell Inventory number. In 2009 Days to Sell Inventory was 90. 44 and had grown to 96. 48 days in 2011. This makes it important to assess inventory obsolescence in light of these numbers. Debt to Equity has increased significantly from 2009 to 2011. We will write a custom essay sample on Pinnacle Manufacturing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In 2009, the Debt to Equity Ratio was 70. 81%. In 2011, it had grown to 96. 48%. This might indicate that the Company does not have room to continue to borrow should it need cash to operate. If borrowing is not available as a financing tool, it is likely that the Company might need to look to its stockholders for additional cash or resort to more costly forms for financing. Gross Profit Margins have declined from 29. 1% in 2009 to 27. 5% in 2011. This ratio is helpful analytically to indicate that possible misstatements might exist in the areas of sales, COGS, A/R and inventory. As noted above there is already a negative trend in inventory for the Company. Similarly, Profit Margin for the Company has declined from 3. 77% to 2. 84% between 2009 and 2011. A decline in profit margin can signal misstatements in various operating expense accounts and balance sheet items. It can also simply signal a declining business trend for the Company. Return on Assets shows the Company’s ability to generate a profit based on assets and equity. In 2009, the Company’s profit margin was 3. 07% and in 2011 it had fallen to 1. 91%. Overall, the Company appears to have slowing sales leading to growing inventory. The Company is increasing its debt burden to help cash flow since sales seem to be declining and inventory is growing. The profitability of the Company is declining steadily. Finally, if the Company finds itself in default of any loan covenants it will have to liquidate assets to pay its debts. Forced asset sales are never beneficial to the seller and would only exacerbate the already declining business trends of the Company. Part I. f – What Data is More Useful in Evaluating the Potential for Misrepresentations? We believe that each set of data has its strengths and weakness. The balance sheet data available for Pinnacle Manufacturing is extremely helpful in evaluating whether certain income statement items could be misstated. As an example, to know the trend in the asset Accounts Receivable: Trade made evaluating the income statement item Bad Debt expense easier. As a result, the financial data for the parent Pinnacle could be cross-referenced more easily. However, the subsidiary income statements allow greater detail into the business components that make up Pinnacle. A possible overstatement in one account for one of the subsidiaries could be cancelled out by a similar understatement in the in the same account for another subsidiary. When the numbers are rolled-up to the parent company, there might not be a noticeable problem in the account. As a result possible insufficient planning would result. With the subsidiary information, an audit of each corresponding account could result in a more accurate number for the parent company. This would appear to help acceptable audit risk for the audit firm. ? Part I. g – Observations based on Accounts Receivable, Inventory and Short/Current Long-term Debt Accounts Receivable: Trade has grown in absolute dollar amount from just under $9. 6 Million in 2010 to over $14 Million in 2011. As a result, we believe it is important to look at the reasonableness of the allowance for bad debts and bad debt expense. Confirmation of balances with customers will help to uncover any discrepancies between Pinnacle and its customers about amounts owed and paid. This could impact the internal control over posting of payments at Pinnacle and whether the money is being diverted through fraud. Inventory has grown from slightly over $25 Million at year-end in both 2009 and 2010 to more than $32 Million in 2011. Growing inventory could be indicative of inventory obsolescence. Obsolete inventory would be subject to a write-down in value. We would want to explore these areas. We have identified Inventory as an area of possible misstatement for Pinnacle. Short/Current Long-term debt has increased from 2009 and 2010 levels in 2011. In 2009 and 2010, the short/current portion of long-term debt was only $41,070. In 2011 it had increased to almost $4 Million. We are concerned that a misstatement has occurred. If the amount is correct, we would want to ascertain why the sudden increase. If it is due to a scheduled one-time balloon payment being due it is less of a concern than if a loan has been accelerated due to default or failure to meet certain loan covenants. The long-term solvency of Pinnacle depends on the success of its operations to raise capital for future growth and expansion as well as its ability to make payments on its debts. If Pinnacle is in default and a loan has been called or accelerated it would negatively impact the Company’s ability to borrow in the future. ? Part I. h – Going Concern Issue We assess the likelihood that Pinnacle is likely to fail financially in the next twelve months as low. While many of the items discussed indicate that Pinnacle has some financial problems, its current ratio is still well over 1. It might be holding some obsolete inventory but even obsolete inventory has some value to generate cash. In twelve months, if the Company does not resolve its growing inventory issues and possibly rework some of its debt deals, the decision might be different. Currently, sales are growing as is Income from operations and net income. The Company has a positive cash flow which buys it time to try to fix its underlying problems. Inattention to these details could cause us to revisit this question next year with a more dire answer.